可数名词和不可数名词研读突破详解及训练
名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。
(1)可数名词:能用具体数字来计数的名词。
规则变化和不规则变化详见知识网络图,在此仅介绍几种特殊的变化形式:
年份:加s或’s 。如,the 1980s (或1980’s )二十世纪八十年代
缩写词:加s或’s 。如,VIPs 或VIP’s (Very Important Persons,贵宾们)...
英文字母等,加’s 。如,Mind your p’s and q’s. 注意你的p和q的写法。
某些外来词的复数变化较特殊。如,medium → media媒体;datum → data资料 ;phenomenon → phenomena现象; crisis → crises危机...
(2) 不可数名词:表示物质和抽象概念的名词。如:water、paper、furniture、information、advice、equipment、importance、pleasure、beauty等。一般用数量词表示数量概念,如:a piece of paper, a bottle of milk, a set of equipment等。
※ 注意:of + 抽象名词=形容词。如,Importance、value、use、significance、help等。
有些物质名词,在口语中常可具体化为可数名词。如:
Drink 饮料 → two drinks 两杯饮料 coffee 咖啡 → a coffee 一杯咖啡
Chalk 粉笔 → a chalk 一支粉笔 hair 头发 → a hair 一根头发
不可数名词的数量表示法。不可数名词的数量一般用some, much, a lot of, lots of,a little, little等数量形容词表示。如:
some meat 一些肉 a lot of money 一些钱 a little water 一点水
还可以用适当的量词(由普通名词充当)作单位来表示。结构为“数词+ 量词(普通名词)+ of + 不可数名词”。其单复数形式体现在普通名词上。如:
a piece of paper 一张纸 three pieces of paper 三张纸
※ 注意:
1)表示数量:piece 张(片、块、份);article 件;item条;block大块;set台,套。
例:a piece of apple pie ______ two pieces of paper______ 几片木柴_________
几件家具 _________ 四条消息_________ 一大块冰_______
2) 以形状表数量:cake 块;bar 条;slice 薄片;pile 堆;loaf 块;drop 滴。
例:a cake of soap_______ a bar of chocolate________
一片肉__________ 一滴水__________
3)以容器表数量:glass 杯;cup 杯;bowl碗;box盒;spoonful勺。
例: a glass of beer________ two cups of tea_______ 三碗米饭_______
几盒粉笔__________ 一勺盐_______
【答案】1)一块苹果派;两张纸;a few bits of wood;some articles of furniture;four items of news;
a block of ice。
2)一块肥皂;一条巧克力; a slice of meat;a drop of water 。
3) 一杯啤酒;两杯茶 ;three bowls of rice;some boxes of chalk;a spoonful of salt 。
【点评】通过对不同类型量词的短语强化训练,把握不同量词的用法。
1: _______time passed quickly, we found it time to say goodbye to each other.
A. As B. With
_______time passing quickly, we found it time to say goodbye to each other.
A. As B. With
2: The news shocked the public, _______to great concern about students’ safety at school.
A. having led B. led C. leading D. to lead
3: The lawyer listened with full attention, _______ to miss any point.
A. not trying B. trying not C. to try not D. not to try
4: Though _________to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.
A. surprising B. surprised C. surprised D. being surprised
5: The flowers his friend gave him will die unless_______ every day.
A. watered B. watering C. water D. to water